![]() ![]() The affricates, are transliterated c, j. ![]() The retroflex stops, are transliterated ṭ, ḍ. The aspirated stops and affricates are rendered as digraphs (pʰ = ph, dʰ = dh, etc). In the original script nasalization is marked by a dot or candrabindu (a dot inside the lower half of a circle) above the vowel while in transliteration is indicated by a tilde above the vowel. The syllabic vowel ṛ is present only in Sanskrit loanwords. The Oriya script has signs for short and long vowels (ā, ī, ū) but in informal speech they are all pronounced short. In Oriya, like in the other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages (Bengali, Assamese), the short and long vowels typical of Indo-Aryan have merged. All except have nasal counterparts and nasalization (indicated by a tilde) is phonemic. Palm-leaf chronicles of the Jagannatha temple at Puri. ![]() The first known inscription containing whole sentences in Oriya, though traces of Oriya words can be found in earlier inscriptions (from the 7th century onwards).ġ200-1300. Two Oriya stylistic forms can be distinguished: formal and informal, the former using more Sanskrit loanwords and restricted mainly to writings.ġ249. The last three are influenced by the languages spoken in neighboring states ( Hindi in the west, Bengali in the north and Telugu in the south). There are four dialects in the state of Orissa: Standard Oriya, prevalent in the capital Bhubaneshwar and in the districts of Cuttak and Puri, and Western, Northern, and Southern dialects, prevalent in the western, northern and southern regions of the state, respectively. Oriya is the official language of the Indian state of Orissa and one of the 23 official languages established in the Constitution of India. ![]()
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